Turkish Law On The Right To Information

PART ONE
Object, Scope and Definitions
Object
Article 1- The object of this law is to regulate the procedure and the basis of the right to
information according to the principles of equality, impartiality and openness that are the
necessities of a democratic and transparent government.
Scope
Article 2- This law is applied to the activities of the public institutions and the
professional organisations which qualify as public institutions.
The provisions of the Law on the Use of the Right to Petition (date:01.11.1984, No:
3071) are reserved.
Definitions
Article 3- The terms used in the law means following:
a) Institutions: All the authorities that can be included under article 2 of this law.
b) Applicant: All natural and legal persons who apply to the institutions by way of
exercising the right to information and
c) Information: Every kind of data that is within the scope of this law and are
included in the records of the institutions.
d) Document: Any written, printed or copied file, document, book, journal,
brochure, etude, letter, software, instruction, sketch, plan, film, photograph, tape
and video cassette, map of the institutions and the information, news and other
data that are recorded and saved in electronic format that are within the scope of
this law.
e) Access to information and document: Depending on the nature of the
information and the document, providing a copy of the information or the
document to the applicant; in cases were it is not possible to give a copy,
permitting the applicant to examine the original information or the document and
to take notes or to see the contents, or to listen to.
f) Board: The Board of Review of Access to Information
PART TWO
Right to Information and the Obligation to Provide Information
Right to Information
Article 4- Everyone has the right to information.
Foreigners domiciled in Turkey and the foreign legal entities operating in Turkey can
exercise the right in this law, on the condition that the information that they require is
related to them or the field of their activities; and on the basis of the principle of
reciprocity.
The rights and the obligations of Turkey under the international conventions are reserved.
The Obligation to Provide Information
Article 5- The institutions are required to apply administrative and technical measures to
provide every kind of information and document, with the exceptions set out in this law,
to provide the information for applicants; and to review and decide on the applications for
access information promptly, effectively and correctly.
The other legal regulations which are incompatible with the provisions contained herein
shall cease to be applicable as of the date this Act comes into force
PART THREE
Application for Access to Information
Procedure of Application
Article 6- The application for the access to information is made through a petition that
includes the name, surname, residence or the work address of the applicant and the
signature; where the applicant is a company, its title and the address, and the signature of
the authorised person together with a certificate of authorisation, to the institution that
possesses the information or the document. The application can be made also through
electronic or other types of communication tools, if the identity and the signature of the
applicant can be legally determined.
The information and the document that is required must be specified in the petition.
The Quality of the Information or the Document that can be required
Article 7- The application for access to information should relate to the information or
the document that the institutions which are applied posses or should have possessed due
to their tasks and activities.
The institutions may turn down the applications for any information or document that
require a separate or special work, research, examination or analysis.
Where the required information or the document is at an institution other than the one
that is applied, the petition will be sent to the relevant institution and the applicant will be
notified accordingly.
The Information and Documents that are Published or Disclosed to the Public
Article 8- The information and documents that are published or disclosed to the public
either through publication, brochure, proclamation or other similar means, may not be
made the subject of an application for access to information. However, the applicant will
be informed of the date, the means and the place of the publication or disclosure of the
information or the document.
Exempting the Classified Information
Article 9- Were the required information or the document contain classified elements,
such information shall be set a aside if separable and the applicant shall be notified of the
grounds for this exemption.
Access to the Information or the Document
Article 10- Institutions give a certified copy of the required document to the applicant.
Where the information or the document is not appropriate for copying or may cause
damage to the original, the institution will provide the applicant with the necessary
means;
a) to examine the original document and take notes for those that are published or
written,
b) to listen to the material that are in the form of sound recording,
c) to watch the material that are in the form of visual recording.
Where the access to the information or document require other means than those
mentioned above, such information or document shall be provided unless it damages the
original material.
The applied institution, will charge the applicant for the cost of the procedure, to be
added as an income to the budget.
The time limits for access to information or document
Article 11- The institutions shall provide the required information within 15 working
days. However, where the required information or document is to be obtained from
another unit within the applied institution or it is necessary to receive the opinion of
another institution or if the scope of the application pertains more than one institution; the
access shall be provided in 30 working days. In such case, the applicant will be notified
of the extension and its reasons within 15 working days.
The 15 working days time limit shall be suspended at the time when applicant is notified
of the cost for the access to the information or the document stated in Article10. The
applicant will be considered to have withdrawn the application unless the cost is paid
within the next 15 working days.
Response to the Application
Article 12- Institutions notify the applicants, or inform them in electronic format, of the
result of their applications regarding access to information. If the application is rejected
the applicant will be notified of the reasons and the appeal mechanism against the
decision.
The Procedure for Appeal
Article 13- Within 15 days starting from the official notification, the applicant whose
application for access to information is rejected due to the reasons under Articles 16 and
17, may appeal to the Board before appealing for judicial review. The Board shall render
a decision within 30 days. The institutions are obliged to provide every kind of
information and document that are required by the Board within 15 days.
Appeal to the Board suspends the time limit to refer to the administrative jurisdiction.
The Board of Review of the Access to Information
Article 14- The Board of Review of the Access to Information reviews the administrative
decisions rendered under Articles 16 and 17, and makes decisions regarding institutions
on the exercise of right to information.
The Board is composed of 9 members. The Council of Ministers, appoint two members
amongst the four candidates nominated by the General Board of the Court of Appeals and
the Council of State from their members; three members, each amongst the scholars of
criminal, constitutional and administrative law who bear the title Professor or Associate
Professors; one member among the two candidates that have the qualifications to be
elected as chief of bar and are nominated by the Turkish Bar Association, two members
amongst those who have been serving as general director; and a member among judges in
service of the Ministry of Justice as recommended by the Minister.
Nomination is subject to the approval of the candidates.
The Board president is appointed by the Council of Ministers among the Board members.
The Board convenes at least once a month or anytime upon the call of the President when
there is need.
Board Members serve for four years. The members, who complete their time may be reelected. In the event that a member leaves before four years, the new member who is
elected with the same procedure to replace the leaving member, completes the period of
the member that s/he has replaced. The former Board operates until the new Board starts
to operate.
With reservation to the provisions of the Act No: 6245 dated 10.02.1954, Board members
who already bear the title of public officer are paid the amount found as 2000 multiplied
by public officer payment coefficient while those who do not qualify as public officer
receives the amount multiplied by 1000. Those payments are exempt from any tax but
only stamp tax.
The Board can set up commissions and working groups and in addition may invite
representatives from the ministries, non-governmental organisations and other institutions
to participate in the meetings as it finds appropriate.
The secretarial services of the Board are executed by the Prime Ministry.
The Prime Ministry prepares and puts into force the regulation concerning the procedure
and the basis for the activities and tasks of the Board.
PART FOUR
The Restrictions on the Right to Information
The Transactions that are not subject to the Judicial Review
Article 15- The transactions that are not subject to the judicial review, those that affect
the working life and professional honour of the persons, are within the scope of this law.
The right to information provided in this way, does not eliminate the restriction regarding
the judicial review of the transaction.
The Information and Documents Pertaining the State Secrets
Article 16- The information and documents which qualify as state secrets which their
disclosure clearly cause harm to the security of the state or foreign affairs or national
defence and national security are out of the scope of the right to information provided
herein.
The Information and Documents Pertaining the Economical Interests of the State
Article 17- The information or documents of which their disclosure cause harm to the
economical interests of the state or will cause unfair competition or enrichment, are out
of the scope of this law.
The Information and Documents Pertaining the State Intelligence
Article 18- The information and documents regarding the duties and activities of the civil
and military intelligence units, are out of the scope of this law.
However the information and documents, that affect the professional honour and working
life of the persons, are within the scope of right to information.
The Information and Documents Pertaining he Administrative Investigation
Article 19- The information or the document that is related to the administrative
investigation held by the administrative authorities and which will;
a) clearly violate the right of privacy of the individuals,
b) endanger the security or the life of the individuals or the officials that carry out
the investigation,
c) jeopardise the security of the investigation,
d) disclose the source of the information which needs to be kept secret, or
endanger the procurement of similar information in connection with the
investigation, are out of the scope of this Law.
The Information or Documents Pertaining the Judicial Investigation and
Prosecution
Article 20- The information or the document of which its disclosure or untimely
disclosure will
a) give rise to a criminal offence,
b) endanger prevention and investigation of the crime or endanger the legal
procedure for the detention and the prosecution of the criminals,
c) obstruct the proper operation judicial duty.
d) violate right to fair trial of a defendant in a pending case are out of the scope of
this law.
The provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Date: 4/4/1929, No:1412), Code of
Civil Procedure (Date:18/6/1927, No: 1086), Code of Procedure of Administrative
Jurisdiction (Date: 6/1/1982, No: 2577) and the provisions contained in other specific
regulations are exempted from this Law.
Privacy of the Individuals
Article 21- With the proviso where the consent of the concerned individual has been
received, the information and documents that will unjustly interfere with the health
records, private and family life, honour and dignity, and the economical and professional
interests of an individual, are out of the scope of the right to information.
Due to public interest considerations, personal information or documents may be
disclosed by the institutions on the condition that concerned individual is notified of the
disclosure at least 7 days in advance and his/her written consent is obtained.
The Privacy of Communication
Article 22- The information and documents that will violate the privacy of
communication, are out of the scope of this law.
Trade Secrets
Article 23- The information and documents that are qualified as commercial secret in
laws, and the commercial and financial information that are obtained by the institutions
from the private or corporate persons with the condition of keeping secret, are out of the
scope of this law.
Intellectual Property (Works of Art and Science)
Article 24- In the event of application for access to information concerning intellectual
property, the relevant provisions of the intellectual property law shall apply.
Institutions’ Internal Regulations
Article 25- The information and documents of the institutions that do not concern the
public and are solely in connection with their personnel and the internal affairs, are out of
the scope of the right to information. However, the employees of the institutions who are
subject the regulations have the right to access to such information.
Institutions’ Internal Opinions, Information Notes and Recommendations
Article 26- The information and document qualified as opinion, information note,
proposals and recommendations which facilitate the execution of the activities of the
institutions are within the scope of the right to information, unless the opposite is decided
by that institution.
The opinions of the units, individuals or institutions that are legally obliged to give
reports on scientific, cultural, technical, medical, financial, statistical, legal and other
similar expertise fields are within the scope of the right to information with the proviso
that such opinions constitute the basis of administrative decisions taken by the
institutions.
Requests for Recommendation and Opinions
Article 27- The requests for recommendations and opinions are out of the scope of this
law.
Formerly Classified Information and Documents
Article 28- The information and documents which cease to be classified either by a
judicial or administrative decision are open to the applications for access to information,
with the proviso that they fall within the scope of the other exceptions provided in this
law.
PART FIVE
Miscellaneous
Criminal Provisions
Article 29- Without prejudice to any prosecution to be conducted by virtue of general
provisions of criminal law, the officials and other civil servants who negligently,
recklessly or deliberately obstruct the application of this law, shall be subject to
disciplinary sanctions as provided in the relevant regulations of personnel regime.
The information and documents that are obtained according to this law, cannot be copied
and used for commercial interest.
Preparation of the Reports
Article 30- The institutions shall prepare reports pertaining the previous year and that
show,
a) the number of the applications on the access to information received by the
institutions,
b) the number of the applications that the institutions accepted and provided
access to information or document,
c) the number of the applications that are rejected and statistical information about
their categorisation ,
d) the number of applications that are accepted and accordingly provided access
to information which previously had been qualified as classified.
e) the number of the appeals to the decisions of rejection and the and their results,
and send them to the Board of Review of the Access to Information until the end
of February, every year. The institutions that are associated, related or connected
to another public legal entity send their reports through the ministry they are
associated with. The Board prepare a general report and send it to the Turkish
Grand National Assembly every year until the end of April, together with the
reports received from the institutions. These reports are disclosed to the public by
the Presidency of the Turkish Grand National Assembly in two months time.
Regulations
Article 31- The Regulation concerning the essentials for the application of this law shall
be prepared by the Prime Ministry and put into force by the Council of Ministers within
six months after the date that this law is published.
Entry into Force
Article 32- This law comes into force six months after the date of its publication.
Execution
Article 33- The Council of Ministers executes the provisions of this law